Andrology procedures
We go deep on a small number of procedures rather than listing everything. Each page is written by a clinician, names the techniques and devices, states the risks as plainly as the benefits, and cites its sources.
Core procedures
Covered in the most depth — this is where we concentrate.Adult Buried Penis Reconstruction
Adult buried penis reconstruction is a reconstructive urological procedure that exposes and restores a normally developed penis that has become hidden beneath suprapubic fat, excess skin, scar tissue, lymphedema or diseased genital tissue. Surgery is individualized and may combine release of scar tissue, removal of excess suprapubic tissue, penile fixation and replacement of unhealthy penile skin with a skin graft to improve urination, hygiene, sexual function and quality of life.
Adult Circumcision
Adult circumcision is a surgical procedure that removes part or all of the foreskin covering the glans penis. It is commonly performed to treat adult phimosis, recurrent paraphimosis, chronic foreskin inflammation or scarring, and can relieve pain, improve hygiene and prevent recurrent foreskin-related complications.
Frenuloplasty
Frenuloplasty is a minor reconstructive penile procedure used to lengthen or release a short or tight frenulum that causes pain, tearing or restricted foreskin movement. The surgeon makes a controlled incision in the frenulum and closes it in a way that increases flexibility while preserving the foreskin and glans anatomy.
Hyaluronic Acid Injection
Hyaluronic acid (HA) injection increases the volume of the glans penis, aiming to reduce sensitivity and delay ejaculation. This is a genuinely conflicted area of evidence: several meta-analyses of uncontrolled, before-after studies report dramatic improvements in ejaculation time, but the only meta-analysis to specifically pool the placebo-controlled trials found the effect over placebo was small and not statistically significant — a gap worth understanding honestly before considering this treatment.
MESA — Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm Aspiration
Microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration (MESA) is a surgical sperm retrieval procedure for men with obstructive azoospermia in whom sperm production is preserved but sperm cannot reach the ejaculate because of a blockage or absent reproductive ducts. The surgeon exposes the epididymis under magnification, opens selected epididymal tubules and aspirates sperm-rich fluid for use with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), often obtaining enough sperm for cryopreservation and future treatment cycles.
Orchiectomy for Adult Undescended Testicle
Orchiectomy for an adult undescended testicle is surgery to remove a testis that remained outside the scrotum after puberty when preserving it is unlikely to provide meaningful reproductive or hormonal benefit. It is most often considered for a unilateral, atrophic or abnormal undescended testicle when the opposite testicle is healthy, particularly because long-standing cryptorchidism is associated with an increased risk of testicular germ-cell cancer.
Penile Corporal Reconstruction for Severe Fibrosis
Penile corporal reconstruction is complex reconstructive surgery used when severe fibrosis has replaced or contracted the erectile tissue inside the corpora cavernosa, making conventional penile prosthesis implantation difficult or impossible. The procedure releases or removes obstructive scar tissue, recreates adequate corporal space and, in most severe erectile-dysfunction cases, is performed together with placement of a penile prosthesis.
Penile implant surgery
Penile implant surgery explained: real satisfaction rates, what the operation involves, and honest risks — with sources, not guesswork.
Selective Dorsal Cryoablation (SDC)
Selective dorsal cryoablation is a minimally invasive procedure that freezes part of the dorsal penile nerve to reduce glans sensitivity and delay ejaculation, used for men with lifelong premature ejaculation caused by penile hypersensitivity. It's a genuinely newer, less-invasive alternative to surgical dorsal neurotomy, but the human evidence behind it currently comes from only a small number of very small pilot studies — this is one of the least-studied procedures on this site, and that needs to be understood clearly before anything else.
Penile Plication Surgery
Penile plication surgery is an operation used to straighten a curved penis by placing sutures or modifying the tunica albuginea on the longer, convex side of the penis, shortening that side until the shaft becomes functionally straight. It is used mainly for congenital penile curvature and selected men with stable Peyronie's disease who have adequate erectile rigidity and enough penile length to tolerate some shortening.
Penile Prosthesis with Peyronie’s Correction
Penile prosthesis with Peyronie’s correction is a reconstructive procedure for men who have both Peyronie’s disease and significant erectile dysfunction that does not respond adequately to conservative treatment. A penile prosthesis is implanted to restore reliable rigidity, while additional straightening techniques such as modeling, plication, or plaque incision and grafting may be used during the same operation when the implant alone does not adequately correct the curvature.
Penile Prosthesis Revision Surgery
Penile prosthesis revision surgery is an operation performed to repair, reposition, replace, or remove a previously implanted penile prosthesis when it develops mechanical failure, malposition, erosion, persistent device-related problems, or other complications. Revision surgery is generally more complex than first-time penile implant surgery because scar tissue and altered anatomy may be present, and the surgical approach depends on the existing implant and the reason for revision.
Penile Prosthesis Salvage Surgery
Penile prosthesis salvage surgery is an infection-control operation in which an infected penile implant is removed, the prosthetic spaces are thoroughly cleaned and irrigated, and a new penile prosthesis is implanted during the same operation when clinically appropriate. The aim is to eradicate infection while preserving corporal space, penile anatomy and the possibility of continued prosthesis function without waiting months for delayed reimplantation.
PESA — Percutaneous Epididymal S perm Aspiration
Percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) is a minimally invasive sperm retrieval procedure used mainly in men with obstructive azoospermia who produce sperm normally but cannot release sperm into the ejaculate because of a blockage or congenital absence of part of the reproductive tract. A fine needle is passed through the scrotal skin into the epididymis to aspirate sperm, which can then be used fresh or frozen for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
Peyronie's disease surgery
Peyronie's disease surgery corrects penile curvature caused by scar tissue, using one of two main approaches — plication (shortening the longer, unscarred side) for milder curvature, or plaque incision or excision with grafting for more severe curvature and hourglass deformity. Both are effective, with published satisfaction rates of 67% for plication and 87–90%+ for grafting, though each carries a genuinely different, honest trade-off between simplicity, length preservation, and erectile function risk.
Plaque Incision and Grafting Surgery
Plaque incision and grafting is reconstructive penile surgery for selected men with stable Peyronie’s disease and severe or complex penile curvature who have adequate erectile function. The surgeon incises the shortened, scarred side of the tunica albuginea and covers the resulting defect with graft material, allowing the penis to straighten while minimizing the additional shortening associated with plication surgery.
Preputioplasty for Adult Phimosis
Preputioplasty is a foreskin-preserving surgical procedure used to widen a tight preputial opening in selected adults with phimosis. Instead of removing the foreskin as in circumcision, the surgeon makes one or more controlled incisions in the constricted foreskin and closes them in a way that increases its circumference, allowing easier and less painful retraction.
Priapism Shunt Surgery
Priapism shunt surgery is an emergency procedure used to drain trapped, oxygen-deprived blood from the corpora cavernosa when acute ischemic priapism does not resolve with aspiration, irrigation and intracavernosal medication. The surgeon creates a controlled passage between the corpora cavernosa and another drainage structure, usually the glans penis, to relieve pressure, restore blood flow and limit further damage to erectile tissue.
P-Shot for erectile dysfunction
The P-Shot is a trademarked platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection marketed for erectile dysfunction and penile enhancement. This is genuinely one of the least settled treatments covered on this site: pooled meta-analyses of generic PRP show a modest positive signal over placebo, but a well-designed, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial found no benefit at all, the branded P-Shot protocol itself has no independent peer-reviewed trial testing it directly, and the European Association of Urology currently classifies PRP as experimental, to be used only within clinical trials.
Suprapubic Liposuction & Fat Pad Removal (Escutcheonectomy)
Suprapubic liposuction and fat pad removal are two related operations that take away the pad of fat sitting above the penis — the escutcheon — so that penis length already present but hidden beneath it becomes visible. Liposuction removes fat alone and suits men with a moderate fat pad and skin that still has elasticity.
TESA — Testicular Sperm Aspiration
Testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) is a minimally invasive sperm retrieval procedure in which a needle is inserted through the scrotal skin directly into the testicle to aspirate seminiferous tissue and sperm for use with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). It is most commonly used in men with obstructive azoospermia when sperm production is preserved but sperm cannot reach the ejaculate, and it may also be used as a backup when epididymal sperm retrieval is unsuccessful.
TESE — Testicular Sperm Extraction
Testicular sperm extraction (TESE) is a surgical sperm retrieval procedure in which a small incision is made in the testicle and testicular tissue containing seminiferous tubules is removed and examined for viable sperm. Retrieved sperm can be used fresh or cryopreserved for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and TESE may be used for obstructive azoospermia and selected cases of non-obstructive azoospermia, although Micro-TESE is generally preferred when sperm production is severely impaired.
Testicular Prosthesis Implantation
Testicular prosthesis implantation is a short operation to place a silicone implant into the scrotum where a testicle is missing — after removal for cancer, torsion or trauma, after an undescended testicle has been removed, or where a testicle never developed. The implant restores the normal appearance and weight of the scrotum. It produces no testosterone and no sperm, and it does not affect fertility or hormone levels in either direction; its purpose is entirely how the scrotum looks and feels, which for many men is reason enough.
TURED — Transurethral Resection of the Ejaculatory Ducts
Transurethral resection of the ejaculatory ducts (TURED) is an endoscopic procedure used to open blocked ejaculatory ducts in selected men with ejaculatory duct obstruction. The surgeon passes an instrument through the urethra and removes or incises obstructing tissue near the ejaculatory ducts, with the goal of restoring semen flow, improving semen parameters and potentially improving fertility.
Varicocelectomy
Varicocelectomy explained: honest success rates for fertility and pain, recovery timeline, and risks — with sources, not guesswork.
Vasoepididymostomy — Microsurgical Epididymal Bypass
Vasoepididymostomy is a complex microsurgical fertility procedure that connects the vas deferens directly to an epididymal tubule to bypass an epididymal blockage and restore the passage of sperm into the ejaculate. It is used for selected men with obstructive azoospermia, including some men undergoing vasectomy reversal when secondary epididymal obstruction prevents a standard vasovasostomy.
Vasovasostomy (Vasectomy Reversal)
Vasovasostomy is the microsurgical reconstruction of the vas deferens after a vasectomy. Working under an operating microscope, the surgeon removes the blocked segment on each side and rejoins the two cut ends, restoring the channel that carries sperm from the testicle into the ejaculate so that natural conception becomes possible again. It is usually a day-case operation under general or spinal anaesthesia, takes around two to four hours for both sides, and its success depends more on how many years have passed since the vasectomy than on any other single factor.
Penile Venous Ligation & Venous Leak Embolisation
Penile venous leak, properly called corporal veno-occlusive dysfunction, is the failure of the penis to trap blood during an erection — blood enters normally but drains away too quickly, so the erection starts and then fades. Two interventions target it directly: surgical ligation, in which the leaking veins are tied off through an incision, and venous leak embolisation, in which an interventional radiologist blocks the leaking veins from the inside using a liquid embolic agent through a needle puncture. Surgical ligation is no longer recommended by international urological guidelines because its results do not last. Embolisation is a newer, minimally invasive approach with encouraging prospective data at one to two years, and it is the version of this treatment we will discuss with you.
Also covered
Adult Orchidopexy for Undescended Testicle
Adult orchidopexy is surgery that moves an undescended testicle into the scrotum and fixes it in a stable position. In adults, the decision to preserve an undescended testicle with orchidopexy rather than remove it with orchiectomy must be individualized because a testicle that remained undescended after puberty may have reduced fertility potential and an increased long-term risk of testicular cancer.
Gynaecomastia surgery
Gynaecomastia surgery explained: honest recurrence rates by technique, recovery timeline, and risks — with sources, not guesswork.
Hydrocelectomy
Hydrocelectomy explained: honest success and recurrence rates compared with aspiration, recovery, and risks — with sources, not guesswork.
Low-intensity shockwave therapy for ED
Low-intensity shockwave therapy for ED explained: honest success rates, what a session involves, and what current evidence really shows.
Micro-TESE
Microdissection testicular sperm extraction to retrieve sperm directly from testicular tissue.ff
Spermatocelectomy
Spermatocelectomy is a surgical procedure used to remove a spermatocele, a benign fluid-filled cyst that develops in the epididymis, usually near the upper part of the testicle. Surgery is generally considered when the cyst causes persistent pain, discomfort, pressure, significant enlargement or bothersome scrotal asymmetry.
Varicocele Embolisation
Varicocele embolisation is a non-surgical treatment for varicocele performed through a pinhole in a vein, usually in the groin or the neck. An interventional radiologist threads a fine catheter up into the faulty testicular vein under X-ray guidance and blocks it from the inside using tiny metal coils, a sclerosant liquid, or both, so that blood is rerouted through healthy veins and the pooling around the testicle stops. There is no incision, no stitches, no general anaesthetic and no scrotal wound, and most men are back at a desk within two to five days.
Coming soon
Published, but not yet built out fully.Penile girth enhancement
Penile girth enhancement explained: real complication rates, what the evidence actually shows, and honest candidacy — with sources, not guesswork.
Penile revascularisation surgery
Penile revascularisation surgery explained: who it genuinely helps, realistic success rates, and honest risks — with sources, not guesswork.
Penile traction therapy
Penile traction therapy explained: real length and curvature gains, evidence quality, and honest expectations — with sources, not guesswork.
Suspensory ligament release
Suspensory ligament release explained: what the evidence actually shows, realistic outcomes, and honest risks — with sources, not guesswork.
Vasectomy reversal
Microsurgical reconnection of the vas deferens to restore fertility after vasectomy.
How to use these pages
From understanding the operation to holding comparable quotes — the path most patients take.
Understand the procedure
Read what it involves, who it suits and who it does not, and what the realistic outcome is — with the risks stated as plainly as the benefits.
Compare techniques and devices
Most procedures have more than one approach. We name the techniques and, for implants, the exact device models, so you compare like for like.
Get itemised quotes
Tell us your situation and we return proposals from verified surgeons — device named, nights and transfers broken out, exclusions written down.
Common questions
What men ask most often before committing to a procedure.
Why do you only cover a few procedures?
How much does each procedure cost?
How long will I need to stay in Türkiye?
Are these procedures safe?
Can I choose the technique or device?
What if surgery is not the right answer for me?
Compare real quotes for your procedure
Tell us your situation in confidence. We come back with itemised proposals from verified surgeons — and an honest view of which, if any, makes sense.